It is the industry standard for non-compartmental analysis (NCA), pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD), and toxicokinetic (TK) modeling with a proven 30-year history. Phoenix WinNonlin is used by over 6,000 scientists at more than 1,500 establishments in 60 countries. WinNonlin Phoenix WinNonlin’s advanced reporting capabilities are very useful when compiling stand-alone PK reports, facilitating rapid illustration of PK data through workflows and templates however, when results are integrated into a large CSR, it is often preferable to generate TLFs in SAS for consistency with the remainder of the clinical report (e.g. Phoenix WinNonlin™’s integrated tools for data processing, graphing & charting, report generation, and compliance create an efficient, all-in-one collaboration workbench. My preference is always linear up log down.PK/PD and non-compartmental analyses can be time consuming, requiring detailed attention to every step from data preparation to report generation. Physiologically based pharmacokinetics (PBPK) uses a realistic organ model to describe drug kinetics.
If you have very rich profiles the AUC methods do not differ greatly. PKQuestJava, along with the included tutorial, could be used as the basis of an interactive, on-line, pharmacokinetic course. I believe you can also connect analysis tools such as R and NONMEM to the Phoenix platform. If you are running the latest version Phoenix/WinNonlin 6. While not an exhaustive list, you can add a non-compartmental analysis tool (WinNonlin), a single subject non-linear fitting module (also called WinNonlin), a data exchange solution (Connect), or a non-linear population analysis module ( NLME ). What you need to keep in mind is that whatever method you used it should be documented. Phoenix WinNonlin takes non-compartmental analysis (NCA) to a new level by adding many commonly calculated NCA parameters to the standard output, providing the ability to define custom NCA parameters, business rules for calculating the terminal slope, and acceptance flags based increase transparency with analysis. Guide and for a simple example 'Simultaneous Link Model' in WinNonlin Examples Guide (all version up to v5.3) in the folder programsPharsightWinNonlinUser Docs. There is a lot of information in the WinNonlin User's guide about calculation of AUC.
AUCtau is only 0-24 for that last profile (or times 144 to 168), but you could have sampled past hour 168. For example, if you dose every 24 hours for 7 days and after the 7th dose you measure concentrations but you sample past 24 hours then AUClast will not be equal to AUCtau. If you have a profile that is already at steady state, AUClast might not be equal to AUCtau, that would depend on your sampling. Recall that AUClast is to the Last MEASURABLE concentration. If you don't have 0s then AUClast=AUCall. BUILDING THE DATA FILES The first step of the analysis process involved building the necessary data files. For more information on this topic, please refer to the WinNonlin user manuals. AUCall is not an ideal parameter to use because if you have zeros in your profiles the trapezoids are constructed using the 0 times. This paper will not serve as a tutorial on the use WinNonlin as a data analysis tool.